Known Exploited Vulnerability
9.8
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2023-28461
Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability - [Actively Exploited]
Description

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

INFO

Published Date :

March 15, 2023, 11:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Nov. 3, 2025, 6:14 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
CISA Notification
CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

For the benefit of the cybersecurity community and network defenders—and to help every organization better manage vulnerabilities and keep pace with threat activity—CISA maintains the authoritative source of vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild.

Description :

Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an attacker to read local files and execute code on the SSL VPN gateway.

Required Action :

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Notes :

https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28461

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2023-28461 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Arraynetworks arrayos_ag
2 Arraynetworks vxag
3 Arraynetworks ag1000
4 Arraynetworks ag1000t
5 Arraynetworks ag1000v5
6 Arraynetworks ag1100v5
7 Arraynetworks ag1150
8 Arraynetworks ag1200
9 Arraynetworks ag1200v5
10 Arraynetworks ag1500
11 Arraynetworks ag1500fips
12 Arraynetworks ag1500v5
13 Arraynetworks ag1600
14 Arraynetworks ag1600v5
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Solution
Update affected Array Networks devices to a patched version.
  • Update ArrayOS to version 9.4.0.484 or later.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2023-28461 has a 2 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2023-28461 is associated with the following CWEs:

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

CISA Bot is a GitHub bot that automatically monitors the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog. When new vulnerabilities are published in the KEV, the bot creates GitHub issues in this repository with detailed information about each vulnerability.

Python

Updated: 3 months, 2 weeks ago
2 stars 1 fork 1 watcher
Born at : Oct. 29, 2024, 10:19 a.m. This repo has been linked 206 different CVEs too.

Ostorlab KEV: One-command to detect most remotely known exploitable vulnerabilities. Sourced from CISA KEV, Google's Tsunami, Ostorlab's Asteroid and Bug Bounty programs.

cisa-kev vulnerability 0day cisa exploits

Updated: 2 months ago
588 stars 42 fork 42 watcher
Born at : April 19, 2022, 8:58 a.m. This repo has been linked 1290 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2023-28461 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

  • The Cyber Express
Apache Tika Vulnerability Widens Across Multiple Modules, Severity Now 10.0

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Published Date: Dec 09, 2025 (6 days, 12 hours ago)
  • The Cyber Express
NCSC Warns Prompt Injection Could Become the Next Major AI Security Crisis

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has issued a fresh warning about the growing threat of prompt injection, a vulnerability that has quickly become one of the biggest security concerns in ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 09, 2025 (6 days, 13 hours ago)
  • Daily CyberSecurity
CISA KEV Alert: EOL D-Link and Array Networks Command Injection Under Active Attack

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has updated its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog with two distinct but equally dangerous threats: a critical flaw in legacy D-L ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 09, 2025 (6 days, 17 hours ago)
  • The Cyber Express
Barts Health Confirms Cl0p Ransomware Behind Data Breach Linked to Oracle Vulnerability

Barts Health NHS Trust has confirmed that the data breach at Barts Health was carried out by the Russian-speaking Cl0p ransomware group, which exploited a vulnerability in Oracle E-Business Suite. The ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 08, 2025 (1 week ago)
  • The Cyber Express
Active Exploitation of Command Injection Flaw Confirmed in Array AG Gateways

The Japan Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center (JPCERT/CC) has confirmed that a command injection vulnerability affecting Array Networks AG Series secure access gateways has been activ ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 05, 2025 (1 week, 3 days ago)
  • The Cyber Express
‘React2Shell’ Flaw Exploited by China-Nexus Groups Within Hours of Disclosure, AWS Warns

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Published Date: Dec 05, 2025 (1 week, 3 days ago)
  • The Hacker News
JPCERT Confirms Active Command Injection Attacks on Array AG Gateways

Dec 05, 2025Ravie LakshmananVulnerability / Network Security A command injection vulnerability in Array Networks AG Series secure access gateways has been exploited in the wild since August 2025, ac ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 05, 2025 (1 week, 3 days ago)
  • BleepingComputer
Hackers are exploiting ArrayOS AG VPN flaw to plant webshells

Threat actors have been exploiting a command injection vulnerability in Array AG Series VPN devices to plant webshells and create rogue users. Array Networks fixed the vulnerability in a May security ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 04, 2025 (1 week, 3 days ago)
  • Daily CyberSecurity
Kaspersky Report Reveals Growing Threat from Old Exploits and OS Vulnerabilities in Q1 2025

Kaspersky’s latest “Exploits and vulnerabilities in Q1 2025” shows that attackers are doubling down on aging exploits, platform-specific weaknesses, and mismanaged updates. With over 9,700 vulnerabili ... Read more

Published Date: Jun 03, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)
  • Daily CyberSecurity
Linux Considers Dropping Support for Ancient i486 and i586 CPUs

The Intel 486, the fourth generation of Intel’s x86 processor line, was initially released in 1989, marking the x86 architecture’s transition from 16-bit to a mature 32-bit era. The Intel 586, unveile ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 28, 2025 (7 months, 2 weeks ago)
  • TheCyberThrone
Chinese MirrorFace APT targets Japan

The MirrorFace Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group, also known as Earth Kasha, has been linked to a series of cyber-attacks targeting Japan. These attacks have been ongoing since 2019 and have prim ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 12, 2025 (11 months ago)
  • Dark Reading
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Source: Birgit Korber via Alamy Stock PhotoThe National Police Agency and the National Center of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity warned Japanese organizations of a sophisticated Chin ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 10, 2025 (11 months ago)
  • BleepingComputer
MirrorFace hackers targeting Japanese govt, politicians since 2019

The National Police Agency (NPA) and the Cabinet Cyber Security Center in Japan have linked a cyber-espionage campaign targeting the country to the Chinese state-backed "MirrorFace" hacking group. The ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 09, 2025 (11 months ago)
  • Cybersecurity News
MirrorFace: Unmasking the Chinese Cyber Espionage Group Targeting Japan

On January 8, 2025, the Japanese National Police Agency (NPA) issued a critical warning regarding ongoing cyberattacks attributed to the MirrorFace group, also known as “Earth Kasha.” Active since 201 ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 09, 2025 (11 months ago)
  • Cybersecurity News
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Published Date: Dec 25, 2024 (11 months, 2 weeks ago)
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Published Date: Dec 24, 2024 (11 months, 3 weeks ago)
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Published Date: Dec 24, 2024 (11 months, 3 weeks ago)
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Veeam Software, a prominent provider of backup and disaster recovery solutions, has released urgent security updates to address two critical vulnerabilities in its Service Provider Console (VSPC). One ... Read more

Published Date: Dec 04, 2024 (1 year ago)
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New Report Reveals SmokeLoader’s Advanced Tactics in Taiwan Campaign

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Published Date: Dec 03, 2024 (1 year ago)
  • The Hacker News
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Published Date: Dec 02, 2024 (1 year ago)

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2023-28461 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Nov. 03, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference Type CISA-ADP: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28461 Types: US Government Resource
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Oct. 22, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28461
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Oct. 21, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Removed Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28461
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Oct. 21, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28461
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Mar. 14, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 9.4.0.481 OR cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:vxag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 9.4.0.481 OR cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:vxag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Changed CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 9.4.0.481 OR cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:vxag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 9.4.0.481 OR cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:vxag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Feb. 10, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Removed Reference https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf
    Removed Reference Type https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf Types: Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Dec. 02, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf
  • CVE CISA KEV Update by 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725

    Nov. 26, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Date Added 2024-11-25
    Added Due Date 2024-12-16
    Added Required Action Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
    Added Vulnerability Name Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Nov. 25, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CWE CWE-306
    Removed CWE CWE-862
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Nov. 25, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-862
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Nov. 21, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Mar. 24, 2023

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Changed Reference Type https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf No Types Assigned https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_for_Remote_Code_Execution_Vulnerability_AG.pdf Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
    Added CWE NIST CWE-287
    Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:arraynetworks:arrayos_ag:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 9.4.0.481 OR cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000t:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1000v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1100v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1150:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1200v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500fips:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1500v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:ag1600v5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:arraynetworks:vxag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 9.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact
Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

87.18 }} 46.97%

score

0.99404

percentile